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The Common Sayings Source is one of many theories that attempts to provide insight into the Synoptic Problem. The theory posits that the Gospel of Thomas, a sayings gospel, and the Q source, a hypothetical sayings gospel, have a common source. Elements of this Common Sayings Source can be found in the text of the Gospel of Thomas and what scholars are proposing existed in the Q source. The high level of similarities between the two sources suggests that both documents are later redactions of a single source, the original Common Sayings Source, which was then redacted by different groups to suit their own needs. The main proponent of the theory is John Dominic Crossan. He chaired the historical Jesus section of the Society of Biblical Literature and was co-director of the Jesus Seminar.〔Crossan, John Dominic. The Birth of Christianity: Discovering What Happened in the Years Immediately After the Execution of Jesus. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.〕 The theory is based on research previously done by John Kloppenborg on the Q source, William Arnal on the Gospel of Thomas, and Stephen Patterson on the Common Tradition. John Dominic Crossan uses these scholars’ research and combines them to create the theory of the Common Sayings Source. This source provides insight into the Synoptic Problem and lends more evidence for the two-document hypothesis and the Q source. ==The Common Sayings Source== Based on three scholars’ previous work, Crossan uses the research in order to establish his theory of a Common Sayings Source.
Arnal believes that the Gnostic Layer was added to the Sapiential layer, which is where his compositional stratification theory comes from.〔 Similarly, Kloppenborg’s theory of traditional stratification suggests that the Sapiential Layer existed and the apocalyptic was later developed.〔
Crossan adapts Patterson’s theory to be called the Common Sayings Source because he feels that it is more than a tradition but an actual source. He agrees that the original Common Sayings Tradition, presented by Patterson, contained neither Gnosticism nor Apocalypticism but required redactional adaptation towards either or both of those eschatologies.〔 The Common Sayings Source suggests that there are enough parallels in the Q source and Gospel of Thomas to suggest a common source.
Crossan uses the data provided by the International Q Project in order to compare the two sources together and points out that approximately one third of each gospel is found in the other.〔 The high level of similarities leads Crossan to believe that there must have been a common source. Similar to the reasoning behind the two-document hypothesis for the existence of a Q source, the percentage of common material found in Thomas and Q would suggest an earlier source shared by the authors of both documents. However, unlike Q, the Common Sayings Source is presumed to be oral due to a lack of common order or sequence.〔 This is not to say that a written document is an impossibility. It is clear in the Synoptic Gospels that it was common for authors to edit works for their own needs, including the slight change in the order or sequence. Crossan believes that this Common Sayings Source provided a foundation for the two later documents known as Q and Thomas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Common Sayings Source」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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